“It’s not the consumer’s job to know what they want” – Steve Jobs
As a leader, you are challenged to keep every person on your team customer or client focused. You are also challenged to reinvent your products, programs or services. Should you seek out the Voice of the Customer, or rely upon the Voice of the Expert when designing products, programs or services that invoke loyalty? This article proposes a way for bringing the two voices together.
Customer Loyalty: Take the Lead!
What makes a loyal customer, one who speaks loudly and with fervour about your organization, telling others how you have made a real and positive difference in their lives? In a word…expectations. But meeting or exceeding customer expectations is not as simple as it first appears. For a start, many of your customers or prospective customers are not sure what they should expect, and many will not tell you because they expect you to know…after all, you’re the expert at what YOU do, and you can’t expect the customer to know as much about that as you.
Let’s break this problem down into pieces, and for that purpose we can use what we call The Customer Loyalty Grid™. This grid is divided into four zones, as depicted in the diagram below:
Zone 1: Unstated/Expected…The Zone of Indifference
Literally, this includes all those customer needs and wants that are basic to fulfilling the contract between you and them. For example, customers expect to be treated with courtesy and respect, and would probably be puzzled (and maybe even insulted) if you asked them if this was a need. It of course is, and if you don’t meet this need, you will cause DISSATISFACTION. If you meet this basic and obvious need, the best you can hope for, in most cases is INDIFFERENCE.
Zone 2: Stated/Expected…The Zone of Satisfaction
This is where your customer actually TELLS you what is important to them. Listen carefully here, as this is a key stepping stone to customer loyalty. Meeting a customer’s needs here will cause SATISFACTION, whereas not meeting them will cause DISSATISFACTION. For example, a customer might expect a volume discount on a purchase, but knows that they have to specifically ask (or negotiate) for it. It is an expectation, simply because other organizations that the customer deals with provide this benefit. This is also the zone where customers complain about products and services, and where good service recovery can restore levels of satisfaction.
Zone 3: Stated/Unexpected…The Zone of Delight
This is where your customer HOPES for something, ASKS for it, but really does not expect you to provide it. This is your opportunity to provide something beyond their expectations and by so doing will create DELIGHT. For example, a customer might ask for something that is usually available only in a premium priced product or service. Not providing it will unlikely cause dissatisfaction, whereas providing it will likely surprise and delight the customer. Therefore this is an area for particular attention in building a LOYAL customer base.
Zone 4: Unstated/Unexpected…The Zone of Loyalty
This is an area where your expertise in whatever product or service you provide and the customer’s lack of expertise can really pay off! Providing benefits above and beyond what the customer is even aware of can create a LOYAL customer. This requires you to be really proactive in suggesting to customers new innovations that they can really benefit from. Many customers will be even willing to pay extra for this. For example, airbags in automobiles when first introduced were an innovation that saved lives, but customers had no way of asking for this innovation, or expecting it, before it became known to them. What innovations are emerging in your industry that have not yet become known to your customers?
All Zones are equally important
To get to Zone 4, the Zone of Loyalty, you must first conquer the other zones…there are no short-cuts. If your organization is really good at innovations (a key factor in creating Loyalty), but struggles at reliability (a key factor in creating Satisfaction), then it will end up struggling in all four zones. You must pay continual attention to all four zones.
Loyalty creating innovations are time limited
What was once an unstated/unexpected innovation (Zone 4) will eventually become unstated/expected (Zone 1)…would you now purchase a car without an airbag system? Would you even ask the salesperson if it is installed? So maintaining a rate of innovation that matches or exceeds what the market demands is crucial to maintaining customer loyalty.
The Grid in practice
You may be working on a project team that is charged with the goal of achieving breakthroughs in program, product or service design. So how would you use the grid in such a situation? What design process would you use?
A typical process might involve the following steps:
- Identifying Customers
- Interviewing and/or observing Customers
- Summarizing the Voice of the Customer (Zones 2 and 3)
- Identifying experts and adding the Voice of the Expert (Zones 1 and 4)
- Translating into Product and Service Requirements
- Validating the Requirements
- Translating into Product and Service Designs
- Producing, Field Testing, Implementing and Evaluating
Taking the time at the outset to marry the Voice of the Customer with the Voice of the Expert pays dividends down the road, by:
- Removing sources of dissatisfaction,
- Dramatically increasing customer satisfaction,
- Creating customer delight, and
- Using the VoE to promise Zone 4 innovations that the customer is not aware of, and your competition may not be up to speed on!
The Customer Loyalty Grid is a trademark of Affinity Consulting and Training Inc.